.-.-.-.-.-

PK4^�\\X��\\npm-shrinkwrap-json.5nu�[���.TH "NPM-SHRINKWRAP.JSON" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR - A publishable lockfile
.SS "Description"
.P
\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR is a file created by npm help shrinkwrap. It is identical to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, with one major caveat: Unlike \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR may be included when publishing a package.
.P
The recommended use-case for \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR is applications deployed through the publishing process on the registry: for example, daemons and command-line tools intended as global installs or \fBdevDependencies\fR. It's strongly discouraged for library authors to publish this file, since that would prevent end users from having control over transitive dependency updates.
.P
If both \fBpackage-lock.json\fR and \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR are present in a package root, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR will be preferred over the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR file.
.P
For full details and description of the \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file format, refer to the manual page for \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR.
.SS "See also"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
npm help shrinkwrap
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help install
.RE 0
PK4^�\(�ρ�npmrc.5nu�[���.TH "NPMRC" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpmrc\fR - The npm config files
.SS "Description"
.P
npm gets its config settings from the command line, environment variables, and \fBnpmrc\fR files.
.P
The \fBnpm config\fR command can be used to update and edit the contents of the user and global npmrc files.
.P
For a list of available configuration options, see npm help config.
.SS "Files"
.P
The four relevant files are:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
per-project config file (\fB/path/to/my/project/.npmrc\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
per-user config file (\fB~/.npmrc\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
global config file (\fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
npm builtin config file (\fB/path/to/npm/npmrc\fR)
.RE 0

.P
All npm config files are an ini-formatted list of \fBkey = value\fR parameters. Environment variables can be replaced using \fB${VARIABLE_NAME}\fR. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
prefix = ${HOME}/.npm-packages
.fi
.RE
.P
Each of these files is loaded, and config options are resolved in priority order. For example, a setting in the userconfig file would override the setting in the globalconfig file.
.P
Array values are specified by adding "\[lB]\[rB]" after the key name. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
key\[lB]\[rB] = "first value"
key\[lB]\[rB] = "second value"
.fi
.RE
.SS "Comments"
.P
Lines in \fB.npmrc\fR files are interpreted as comments when they begin with a \fB;\fR or \fB#\fR character. \fB.npmrc\fR files are parsed by \fBnpm/ini\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/ini\(ra\fR, which specifies this comment syntax.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
# last modified: 01 Jan 2016
; Set a new registry for a scoped package
@myscope:registry=https://mycustomregistry.example.org
.fi
.RE
.SS "Per-project config file"
.P
When working locally in a project, a \fB.npmrc\fR file in the root of the project (ie, a sibling of \fBnode_modules\fR and \fBpackage.json\fR) will set config values specific to this project.
.P
Note that this only applies to the root of the project that you're running npm in. It has no effect when your module is published. For example, you can't publish a module that forces itself to install globally, or in a different location.
.P
Additionally, this file is not read in global mode, such as when running \fBnpm install -g\fR.
.SS "Per-user config file"
.P
\fB$HOME/.npmrc\fR (or the \fBuserconfig\fR param, if set in the environment or on the command line)
.SS "Global config file"
.P
\fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fR (or the \fBglobalconfig\fR param, if set above): This file is an ini-file formatted list of \fBkey = value\fR parameters. Environment variables can be replaced as above.
.SS "Built-in config file"
.P
\fBpath/to/npm/itself/npmrc\fR
.P
This is an unchangeable "builtin" configuration file that npm keeps consistent across updates. Set fields in here using the \fB./configure\fR script that comes with npm. This is primarily for distribution maintainers to override default configs in a standard and consistent manner.
.SS "Auth related configuration"
.P
The settings \fB_auth\fR, \fB_authToken\fR, \fBusername\fR and \fB_password\fR must all be scoped to a specific registry. This ensures that \fBnpm\fR will never send credentials to the wrong host.
.P
The full list is:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fB_auth\fR (base64 authentication string)
.IP \(bu 4
\fB_authToken\fR (authentication token)
.IP \(bu 4
\fBusername\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB_password\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBemail\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBcertfile\fR (path to certificate file)
.IP \(bu 4
\fBkeyfile\fR (path to key file)
.RE 0

.P
In order to scope these values, they must be prefixed by a URI fragment. If the credential is meant for any request to a registry on a single host, the scope may look like \fB//registry.npmjs.org/:\fR. If it must be scoped to a specific path on the host that path may also be provided, such as \fB//my-custom-registry.org/unique/path:\fR.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
; bad config
_authToken=MYTOKEN

; good config
@myorg:registry=https://somewhere-else.com/myorg
@another:registry=https://somewhere-else.com/another
//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken=MYTOKEN
; would apply to both @myorg and @another
; //somewhere-else.com/:_authToken=MYTOKEN
; would apply only to @myorg
//somewhere-else.com/myorg/:_authToken=MYTOKEN1
; would apply only to @another
//somewhere-else.com/another/:_authToken=MYTOKEN2
.fi
.RE
.SS "See also"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
npm help folders
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help npm
.RE 0
PK4^�\��Lʥ���
npm-json.5nu�[���.TH "PACKAGE.JSON" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBpackage.json\fR - Specifics of npm's package.json handling
.SS "Description"
.P
This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package.json file. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal.
.P
A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config settings described in npm help config.
.SS "name"
.P
If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional.
.P
The name is what your thing is called.
.P
Some rules:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters. This includes the scope for scoped packages.
.IP \(bu 4
The names of scoped packages can begin with a dot or an underscore. This is not permitted without a scope.
.IP \(bu 4
New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name.
.IP \(bu 4
The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a folder name. Therefore, the name can't contain any non-URL-safe characters.
.RE 0

.P
Some tips:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
Don't use the same name as a core Node module.
.IP \(bu 4
Don't put "js" or "node" in the name. It's assumed that it's js, since you're writing a package.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "\fBengines\fR \fI(engines)\fR" field. (See below.)
.IP \(bu 4
The name will probably be passed as an argument to require(), so it should be something short, but also reasonably descriptive.
.IP \(bu 4
You may want to check the npm registry to see if there's something by that name already, before you get too attached to it. \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/\(ra\fR
.RE 0

.P
A name can be optionally prefixed by a scope, e.g. \fB@myorg/mypackage\fR. See npm help scope for more detail.
.SS "version"
.P
If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional.
.P
Version must be parseable by \fBnode-semver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver\(ra\fR, which is bundled with npm as a dependency. (\fBnpm install semver\fR to use it yourself.)
.SS "description"
.P
Put a description in it. It's a string. This helps people discover your package, as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR.
.SS "keywords"
.P
Put keywords in it. It's an array of strings. This helps people discover your package as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR.
.SS "homepage"
.P
The URL to the project homepage.
.P
Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"homepage": "https://github.com/owner/project#readme"
.fi
.RE
.SS "bugs"
.P
The URL to your project's issue tracker and / or the email address to which issues should be reported. These are helpful for people who encounter issues with your package.
.P
It should look like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/owner/project/issues",
    "email": "project@hostname.com"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You can specify either one or both values. If you want to provide only a URL, you can specify the value for "bugs" as a simple string instead of an object.
.P
If a URL is provided, it will be used by the \fBnpm bugs\fR command.
.SS "license"
.P
You should specify a license for your package so that people know how they are permitted to use it, and any restrictions you're placing on it.
.P
If you're using a common license such as BSD-2-Clause or MIT, add a current SPDX license identifier for the license you're using, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license" : "BSD-3-Clause"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You can check \fBthe full list of SPDX license IDs\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.org/licenses/\(ra\fR. Ideally you should pick one that is \fBOSI\fR \fI\(lahttps://opensource.org/licenses/\(ra\fR approved.
.P
If your package is licensed under multiple common licenses, use an \fBSPDX license expression syntax version 2.0 string\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.dev/specifications/\(ra\fR, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license" : "(ISC OR GPL-3.0)"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
If you are using a license that hasn't been assigned an SPDX identifier, or if you are using a custom license, use a string value like this one:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license" : "SEE LICENSE IN <filename>"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Then include a file named \fB<filename>\fR at the top level of the package.
.P
Some old packages used license objects or a "licenses" property containing an array of license objects:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
// Not valid metadata
{
  "license" : {
    "type" : "ISC",
    "url" : "https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC"
  }
}

// Not valid metadata
{
  "licenses" : \[lB]
    {
      "type": "MIT",
      "url": "https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "Apache-2.0",
      "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php"
    }
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Those styles are now deprecated. Instead, use SPDX expressions, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license": "ISC"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license": "(MIT OR Apache-2.0)"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Finally, if you do not wish to grant others the right to use a private or unpublished package under any terms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "license": "UNLICENSED"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Consider also setting \fB"private": true\fR to prevent accidental publication.
.SS "people fields: author, contributors"
.P
The "author" is one person. "contributors" is an array of people. A "person" is an object with a "name" field and optionally "url" and "email", like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name" : "Barney Rubble",
  "email" : "b@rubble.com",
  "url" : "http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Or you can shorten that all into a single string, and npm will parse it for you:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "author": "Barney Rubble <b@rubble.com> (http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/)"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Both email and url are optional either way.
.P
npm also sets a top-level "maintainers" field with your npm user info.
.SS "funding"
.P
You can specify an object containing a URL that provides up-to-date information about ways to help fund development of your package, or a string URL, or an array of these:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "funding": {
    "type" : "individual",
    "url" : "http://example.com/donate"
  },

"funding": {
    "type" : "patreon",
    "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account"
  },

"funding": "http://example.com/donate",

"funding": \[lB]
    {
      "type" : "individual",
      "url" : "http://example.com/donate"
    },
    "http://example.com/donateAlso",
    {
      "type" : "patreon",
      "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account"
    }
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Users can use the \fBnpm fund\fR subcommand to list the \fBfunding\fR URLs of all dependencies of their project, direct and indirect. A shortcut to visit each funding url is also available when providing the project name such as: \fBnpm fund <projectname>\fR (when there are multiple URLs, the first one will be visited)
.SS "files"
.P
The optional \fBfiles\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes the entries to be included when your package is installed as a dependency. File patterns follow a similar syntax to \fB.gitignore\fR, but reversed: including a file, directory, or glob pattern (\fB*\fR, \fB**/*\fR, and such) will make it so that file is included in the tarball when it's packed. Omitting the field will make it default to \fB\[lB]"*"\[rB]\fR, which means it will include all files.
.P
Some special files and directories are also included or excluded regardless of whether they exist in the \fBfiles\fR array (see below).
.P
You can also provide a \fB.npmignore\fR file in the root of your package or in subdirectories, which will keep files from being included. At the root of your package it will not override the "files" field, but in subdirectories it will. The \fB.npmignore\fR file works just like a \fB.gitignore\fR. If there is a \fB.gitignore\fR file, and \fB.npmignore\fR is missing, \fB.gitignore\fR's contents will be used instead.
.P
Certain files are always included, regardless of settings:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBREADME\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBLICENSE\fR / \fBLICENCE\fR
.IP \(bu 4
The file in the "main" field
.IP \(bu 4
The file(s) in the "bin" field
.RE 0

.P
\fBREADME\fR & \fBLICENSE\fR can have any case and extension.
.P
Some files are always ignored by default:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fB*.orig\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.*.swp\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.DS_Store\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB._*\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.git\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.hg\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.lock-wscript\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.npmrc\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.svn\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.wafpickle-N\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBCVS\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBconfig.gypi\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBnode_modules\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBnpm-debug.log\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage-lock.json\fR (use \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR if you wish it to be published)
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fByarn.lock\fR
.RE 0

.P
Most of these ignored files can be included specifically if included in the \fBfiles\fR globs. Exceptions to this are:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.git\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB.npmrc\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBnode_modules\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage-lock.json\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fByarn.lock\fR
.RE 0

.P
These can not be included.
.SS "main"
.P
The main field is a module ID that is the primary entry point to your program. That is, if your package is named \fBfoo\fR, and a user installs it, and then does \fBrequire("foo")\fR, then your main module's exports object will be returned.
.P
This should be a module relative to the root of your package folder.
.P
For most modules, it makes the most sense to have a main script and often not much else.
.P
If \fBmain\fR is not set, it defaults to \fBindex.js\fR in the package's root folder.
.SS "browser"
.P
If your module is meant to be used client-side the browser field should be used instead of the main field. This is helpful to hint users that it might rely on primitives that aren't available in Node.js modules. (e.g. \fBwindow\fR)
.SS "bin"
.P
A lot of packages have one or more executable files that they'd like to install into the PATH. npm makes this pretty easy (in fact, it uses this feature to install the "npm" executable.)
.P
To use this, supply a \fBbin\fR field in your package.json which is a map of command name to local file name. When this package is installed globally, that file will be either linked inside the global bins directory or a cmd (Windows Command File) will be created which executes the specified file in the \fBbin\fR field, so it is available to run by \fBname\fR or \fBname.cmd\fR (on Windows PowerShell). When this package is installed as a dependency in another package, the file will be linked where it will be available to that package either directly by \fBnpm exec\fR or by name in other scripts when invoking them via \fBnpm run-script\fR.
.P
For example, myapp could have this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "bin": {
    "myapp": "bin/cli.js"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
So, when you install myapp, in case of unix-like OS it'll create a symlink from the \fBcli.js\fR script to \fB/usr/local/bin/myapp\fR and in case of windows it will create a cmd file usually at \fBC:\[rs]Users\[rs]{Username}\[rs]AppData\[rs]Roaming\[rs]npm\[rs]myapp.cmd\fR which runs the \fBcli.js\fR script.
.P
If you have a single executable, and its name should be the name of the package, then you can just supply it as a string. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "my-program",
  "version": "1.2.5",
  "bin": "path/to/program"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
would be the same as this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "my-program",
  "version": "1.2.5",
  "bin": {
    "my-program": "path/to/program"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Please make sure that your file(s) referenced in \fBbin\fR starts with \fB#!/usr/bin/env node\fR, otherwise the scripts are started without the node executable!
.P
Note that you can also set the executable files using \fBdirectories.bin\fR \fI(directories.bin)\fR.
.P
See \fBfolders\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/folders#executables\(ra\fR for more info on executables.
.SS "man"
.P
Specify either a single file or an array of filenames to put in place for the \fBman\fR program to find.
.P
If only a single file is provided, then it's installed such that it is the result from \fBman <pkgname>\fR, regardless of its actual filename. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "foo",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos",
  "main": "foo.js",
  "man": "./man/doc.1"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
would link the \fB./man/doc.1\fR file in such that it is the target for \fBman
foo\fR
.P
If the filename doesn't start with the package name, then it's prefixed. So, this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "foo",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos",
  "main": "foo.js",
  "man": \[lB]
    "./man/foo.1",
    "./man/bar.1"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create files to do \fBman foo\fR and \fBman foo-bar\fR.
.P
Man files must end with a number, and optionally a \fB.gz\fR suffix if they are compressed. The number dictates which man section the file is installed into.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "foo",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos",
  "main": "foo.js",
  "man": \[lB]
    "./man/foo.1",
    "./man/foo.2"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create entries for \fBman foo\fR and \fBman 2 foo\fR
.SS "directories"
.P
The CommonJS \fBPackages\fR \fI\(lahttp://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Packages/1.0\(ra\fR spec details a few ways that you can indicate the structure of your package using a \fBdirectories\fR object. If you look at \fBnpm's package.json\fR \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org/npm/latest\(ra\fR, you'll see that it has directories for doc, lib, and man.
.P
In the future, this information may be used in other creative ways.
.SS "directories.bin"
.P
If you specify a \fBbin\fR directory in \fBdirectories.bin\fR, all the files in that folder will be added.
.P
Because of the way the \fBbin\fR directive works, specifying both a \fBbin\fR path and setting \fBdirectories.bin\fR is an error. If you want to specify individual files, use \fBbin\fR, and for all the files in an existing \fBbin\fR directory, use \fBdirectories.bin\fR.
.SS "directories.man"
.P
A folder that is full of man pages. Sugar to generate a "man" array by walking the folder.
.SS "repository"
.P
Specify the place where your code lives. This is helpful for people who want to contribute. If the git repo is on GitHub, then the \fBnpm repo\fR command will be able to find you.
.P
Do it like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/npm/cli.git"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The URL should be a publicly available (perhaps read-only) URL that can be handed directly to a VCS program without any modification. It should not be a URL to an html project page that you put in your browser. It's for computers.
.P
For GitHub, GitHub gist, Bitbucket, or GitLab repositories you can use the same shortcut syntax you use for \fBnpm install\fR:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "repository": "npm/npm",

"repository": "github:user/repo",

"repository": "gist:11081aaa281",

"repository": "bitbucket:user/repo",

"repository": "gitlab:user/repo"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
If the \fBpackage.json\fR for your package is not in the root directory (for example if it is part of a monorepo), you can specify the directory in which it lives:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/facebook/react.git",
    "directory": "packages/react-dom"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.SS "scripts"
.P
The "scripts" property is a dictionary containing script commands that are run at various times in the lifecycle of your package. The key is the lifecycle event, and the value is the command to run at that point.
.P
See npm help scripts to find out more about writing package scripts.
.SS "config"
.P
A "config" object can be used to set configuration parameters used in package scripts that persist across upgrades. For instance, if a package had the following:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "foo",
  "config": {
    "port": "8080"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
It could also have a "start" command that referenced the \fBnpm_package_config_port\fR environment variable.
.SS "dependencies"
.P
Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a version range. The version range is a string which has one or more space-separated descriptors. Dependencies can also be identified with a tarball or git URL.
.P
\fBPlease do not put test harnesses or transpilers or other "development" time tools in your \fBdependencies\fB object.\fR See \fBdevDependencies\fR, below.
.P
See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR for more details about specifying version ranges.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBversion\fR Must match \fBversion\fR exactly
.IP \(bu 4
\fB>version\fR Must be greater than \fBversion\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB>=version\fR etc
.IP \(bu 4
\fB<version\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB<=version\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB~version\fR "Approximately equivalent to version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB^version\fR "Compatible with version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fB1.2.x\fR 1.2.0, 1.2.1, etc., but not 1.3.0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBhttp://...\fR See 'URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 4
\fB*\fR Matches any version
.IP \(bu 4
\fB""\fR (just an empty string) Same as \fB*\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBversion1 - version2\fR Same as \fB>=version1 <=version2\fR.
.IP \(bu 4
\fBrange1 || range2\fR Passes if either range1 or range2 are satisfied.
.IP \(bu 4
\fBgit...\fR See 'Git URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 4
\fBuser/repo\fR See 'GitHub URLs' below
.IP \(bu 4
\fBtag\fR A specific version tagged and published as \fBtag\fR See npm help dist-tag
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpath/path/path\fR See \fBLocal Paths\fR \fI(Local Paths)\fR below
.RE 0

.P
For example, these are all valid:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "dependencies": {
    "foo": "1.0.0 - 2.9999.9999",
    "bar": ">=1.0.2 <2.1.2",
    "baz": ">1.0.2 <=2.3.4",
    "boo": "2.0.1",
    "qux": "<1.0.0 || >=2.3.1 <2.4.5 || >=2.5.2 <3.0.0",
    "asd": "http://asdf.com/asdf.tar.gz",
    "til": "~1.2",
    "elf": "~1.2.3",
    "two": "2.x",
    "thr": "3.3.x",
    "lat": "latest",
    "dyl": "file:../dyl"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.SS "URLs as Dependencies"
.P
You may specify a tarball URL in place of a version range.
.P
This tarball will be downloaded and installed locally to your package at install time.
.SS "Git URLs as Dependencies"
.P
Git URLs are of the form:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
<protocol>://\[lB]<user>\[lB]:<password>\[rB]@\[rB]<hostname>\[lB]:<port>\[rB]\[lB]:\[rB]\[lB]/\[rB]<path>\[lB]#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>\[rB]
.fi
.RE
.P
\fB<protocol>\fR is one of \fBgit\fR, \fBgit+ssh\fR, \fBgit+http\fR, \fBgit+https\fR, or \fBgit+file\fR.
.P
If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then the default branch is used.
.P
Examples:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0
git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git
git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
.fi
.RE
.P
When installing from a \fBgit\fR repository, the presence of certain fields in the \fBpackage.json\fR will cause npm to believe it needs to perform a build. To do so your repository will be cloned into a temporary directory, all of its deps installed, relevant scripts run, and the resulting directory packed and installed.
.P
This flow will occur if your git dependency uses \fBworkspaces\fR, or if any of the following scripts are present:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBbuild\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBprepare\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBprepack\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpreinstall\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBinstall\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpostinstall\fR
.RE 0

.P
If your git repository includes pre-built artifacts, you will likely want to make sure that none of the above scripts are defined, or your dependency will be rebuilt for every installation.
.SS "GitHub URLs"
.P
As of version 1.1.65, you can refer to GitHub URLs as just "foo": "user/foo-project". Just as with git URLs, a \fBcommit-ish\fR suffix can be included. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "foo",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "expressjs/express",
    "mocha": "mochajs/mocha#4727d357ea",
    "module": "user/repo#feature\[rs]/branch"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.SS "Local Paths"
.P
As of version 2.0.0 you can provide a path to a local directory that contains a package. Local paths can be saved using \fBnpm install -S\fR or \fBnpm
install --save\fR, using any of these forms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
../foo/bar
~/foo/bar
./foo/bar
/foo/bar
.fi
.RE
.P
in which case they will be normalized to a relative path and added to your \fBpackage.json\fR. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "baz",
  "dependencies": {
    "bar": "file:../foo/bar"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This feature is helpful for local offline development and creating tests that require npm installing where you don't want to hit an external server, but should not be used when publishing your package to the public registry.
.P
\fInote\fR: Packages linked by local path will not have their own dependencies installed when \fBnpm install\fR is ran in this case. You must run \fBnpm install\fR from inside the local path itself.
.SS "devDependencies"
.P
If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build the external test or documentation framework that you use.
.P
In this case, it's best to map these additional items in a \fBdevDependencies\fR object.
.P
These things will be installed when doing \fBnpm link\fR or \fBnpm install\fR from the root of a package, and can be managed like any other npm configuration param. See npm help config for more on the topic.
.P
For build steps that are not platform-specific, such as compiling CoffeeScript or other languages to JavaScript, use the \fBprepare\fR script to do this, and make the required package a devDependency.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "ethopia-waza",
  "description": "a delightfully fruity coffee varietal",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "devDependencies": {
    "coffee-script": "~1.6.3"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "prepare": "coffee -o lib/ -c src/waza.coffee"
  },
  "main": "lib/waza.js"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fBprepare\fR script will be run before publishing, so that users can consume the functionality without requiring them to compile it themselves. In dev mode (ie, locally running \fBnpm install\fR), it'll run this script as well, so that you can test it easily.
.SS "peerDependencies"
.P
In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a \fBrequire\fR of this host. This is usually referred to as a \fIplugin\fR. Notably, your module may be exposing a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "tea-latte",
  "version": "1.3.5",
  "peerDependencies": {
    "tea": "2.x"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This ensures your package \fBtea-latte\fR can be installed \fIalong\fR with the second major version of the host package \fBtea\fR only. \fBnpm install
tea-latte\fR could possibly yield the following dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
├── tea-latte@1.3.5
└── tea@2.2.0
.fi
.RE
.P
In npm versions 3 through 6, \fBpeerDependencies\fR were not automatically installed, and would raise a warning if an invalid version of the peer dependency was found in the tree. As of npm v7, peerDependencies \fIare\fR installed by default.
.P
Trying to install another plugin with a conflicting requirement may cause an error if the tree cannot be resolved correctly. For this reason, make sure your plugin requirement is as broad as possible, and not to lock it down to specific patch versions.
.P
Assuming the host complies with \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://semver.org/\(ra\fR, only changes in the host package's major version will break your plugin. Thus, if you've worked with every 1.x version of the host package, use \fB"^1.0"\fR or \fB"1.x"\fR to express this. If you depend on features introduced in 1.5.2, use \fB"^1.5.2"\fR.
.SS "peerDependenciesMeta"
.P
The \fBpeerDependenciesMeta\fR field serves to provide npm more information on how your peer dependencies are to be used. Specifically, it allows peer dependencies to be marked as optional. Npm will not automatically install optional peer dependencies. This allows you to integrate and interact with a variety of host packages without requiring all of them to be installed.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "tea-latte",
  "version": "1.3.5",
  "peerDependencies": {
    "tea": "2.x",
    "soy-milk": "1.2"
  },
  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
    "soy-milk": {
      "optional": true
    }
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.SS "bundleDependencies"
.P
This defines an array of package names that will be bundled when publishing the package.
.P
In cases where you need to preserve npm packages locally or have them available through a single file download, you can bundle the packages in a tarball file by specifying the package names in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array and executing \fBnpm pack\fR.
.P
For example:
.P
If we define a package.json like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "awesome-web-framework",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "bundleDependencies": \[lB]
    "renderized",
    "super-streams"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
we can obtain \fBawesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR file by running \fBnpm pack\fR. This file contains the dependencies \fBrenderized\fR and \fBsuper-streams\fR which can be installed in a new project by executing \fBnpm install
awesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR. Note that the package names do not include any versions, as that information is specified in \fBdependencies\fR.
.P
If this is spelled \fB"bundledDependencies"\fR, then that is also honored.
.P
Alternatively, \fB"bundleDependencies"\fR can be defined as a boolean value. A value of \fBtrue\fR will bundle all dependencies, a value of \fBfalse\fR will bundle none.
.SS "optionalDependencies"
.P
If a dependency can be used, but you would like npm to proceed if it cannot be found or fails to install, then you may put it in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR object. This is a map of package name to version or URL, just like the \fBdependencies\fR object. The difference is that build failures do not cause installation to fail. Running \fBnpm install
--omit=optional\fR will prevent these dependencies from being installed.
.P
It is still your program's responsibility to handle the lack of the dependency. For example, something like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
try {
  var foo = require('foo')
  var fooVersion = require('foo/package.json').version
} catch (er) {
  foo = null
}
if ( notGoodFooVersion(fooVersion) ) {
  foo = null
}

// .. then later in your program ..

if (foo) {
  foo.doFooThings()
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Entries in \fBoptionalDependencies\fR will override entries of the same name in \fBdependencies\fR, so it's usually best to only put in one place.
.SS "overrides"
.P
If you need to make specific changes to dependencies of your dependencies, for example replacing the version of a dependency with a known security issue, replacing an existing dependency with a fork, or making sure that the same version of a package is used everywhere, then you may add an override.
.P
Overrides provide a way to replace a package in your dependency tree with another version, or another package entirely. These changes can be scoped as specific or as vague as desired.
.P
Overrides are only considered in the root \fBpackage.json\fR file for a project. Overrides in installed dependencies (including npm help workspaces) are not considered in dependency tree resolution. Published packages may dictate their resolutions by pinning dependencies or using an \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR file.
.P
To make sure the package \fBfoo\fR is always installed as version \fB1.0.0\fR no matter what version your dependencies rely on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "overrides": {
    "foo": "1.0.0"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The above is a short hand notation, the full object form can be used to allow overriding a package itself as well as a child of the package. This will cause \fBfoo\fR to always be \fB1.0.0\fR while also making \fBbar\fR at any depth beyond \fBfoo\fR also \fB1.0.0\fR:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "overrides": {
    "foo": {
      ".": "1.0.0",
      "bar": "1.0.0"
    }
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
To only override \fBfoo\fR to be \fB1.0.0\fR when it's a child (or grandchild, or great grandchild, etc) of the package \fBbar\fR:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "overrides": {
    "bar": {
      "foo": "1.0.0"
    }
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Keys can be nested to any arbitrary length. To override \fBfoo\fR only when it's a child of \fBbar\fR and only when \fBbar\fR is a child of \fBbaz\fR:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "overrides": {
    "baz": {
      "bar": {
        "foo": "1.0.0"
      }
    }
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The key of an override can also include a version, or range of versions. To override \fBfoo\fR to \fB1.0.0\fR, but only when it's a child of \fBbar@2.0.0\fR:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "overrides": {
    "bar@2.0.0": {
      "foo": "1.0.0"
    }
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You may not set an override for a package that you directly depend on unless both the dependency and the override itself share the exact same spec. To make this limitation easier to deal with, overrides may also be defined as a reference to a spec for a direct dependency by prefixing the name of the package you wish the version to match with a \fB$\fR.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "dependencies": {
    "foo": "^1.0.0"
  },
  "overrides": {
    // BAD, will throw an EOVERRIDE error
    // "foo": "^2.0.0"
    // GOOD, specs match so override is allowed
    // "foo": "^1.0.0"
    // BEST, the override is defined as a reference to the dependency
    "foo": "$foo",
    // the referenced package does not need to match the overridden one
    "bar": "$foo"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.SS "engines"
.P
You can specify the version of node that your stuff works on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=0.10.3 <15"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
And, like with dependencies, if you don't specify the version (or if you specify "*" as the version), then any version of node will do.
.P
You can also use the "engines" field to specify which versions of npm are capable of properly installing your program. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "engines": {
    "npm": "~1.0.20"
  }
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Unless the user has set the \fB\fBengine-strict\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#engine-strict\(ra\fR flag, this field is advisory only and will only produce warnings when your package is installed as a dependency.
.SS "os"
.P
You can specify which operating systems your module will run on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "os": \[lB]
    "darwin",
    "linux"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You can also block instead of allowing operating systems, just prepend the blocked os with a '!':
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "os": \[lB]
    "!win32"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The host operating system is determined by \fBprocess.platform\fR
.P
It is allowed to both block and allow an item, although there isn't any good reason to do this.
.SS "cpu"
.P
If your code only runs on certain cpu architectures, you can specify which ones.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "cpu": \[lB]
    "x64",
    "ia32"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Like the \fBos\fR option, you can also block architectures:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "cpu": \[lB]
    "!arm",
    "!mips"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The host architecture is determined by \fBprocess.arch\fR
.SS "private"
.P
If you set \fB"private": true\fR in your package.json, then npm will refuse to publish it.
.P
This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private repositories. If you would like to ensure that a given package is only ever published to a specific registry (for example, an internal registry), then use the \fBpublishConfig\fR dictionary described below to override the \fBregistry\fR config param at publish-time.
.SS "publishConfig"
.P
This is a set of config values that will be used at publish-time. It's especially handy if you want to set the tag, registry or access, so that you can ensure that a given package is not tagged with "latest", published to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default.
.P
See npm help config to see the list of config options that can be overridden.
.SS "workspaces"
.P
The optional \fBworkspaces\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes locations within the local file system that the install client should look up to find each npm help workspace that needs to be symlinked to the top level \fBnode_modules\fR folder.
.P
It can describe either the direct paths of the folders to be used as workspaces or it can define globs that will resolve to these same folders.
.P
In the following example, all folders located inside the folder \fB./packages\fR will be treated as workspaces as long as they have valid \fBpackage.json\fR files inside them:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
  "name": "workspace-example",
  "workspaces": \[lB]
    "./packages/*"
  \[rB]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
See npm help workspaces for more examples.
.SS "DEFAULT VALUES"
.P
npm will default some values based on package contents.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fB"scripts": {"start": "node server.js"}\fR
.P
If there is a \fBserver.js\fR file in the root of your package, then npm will default the \fBstart\fR command to \fBnode server.js\fR.
.IP \(bu 4
\fB"scripts":{"install": "node-gyp rebuild"}\fR
.P
If there is a \fBbinding.gyp\fR file in the root of your package and you have not defined an \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR script, npm will default the \fBinstall\fR command to compile using node-gyp.
.IP \(bu 4
\fB"contributors": \[lB]...\[rB]\fR
.P
If there is an \fBAUTHORS\fR file in the root of your package, npm will treat each line as a \fBName <email> (url)\fR format, where email and url are optional. Lines which start with a \fB#\fR or are blank, will be ignored.
.RE 0

.SS "SEE ALSO"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help workspaces
.IP \(bu 4
npm help init
.IP \(bu 4
npm help version
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help help
.IP \(bu 4
npm help install
.IP \(bu 4
npm help publish
.IP \(bu 4
npm help uninstall
.RE 0
PK4^�\��.G�*�*package-lock-json.5nu�[���.TH "PACKAGE-LOCK.JSON" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBpackage-lock.json\fR - A manifestation of the manifest
.SS "Description"
.P
\fBpackage-lock.json\fR is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the \fBnode_modules\fR tree, or \fBpackage.json\fR. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates.
.P
This file is intended to be committed into source repositories, and serves various purposes:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
Describe a single representation of a dependency tree such that teammates, deployments, and continuous integration are guaranteed to install exactly the same dependencies.
.IP \(bu 4
Provide a facility for users to "time-travel" to previous states of \fBnode_modules\fR without having to commit the directory itself.
.IP \(bu 4
Facilitate greater visibility of tree changes through readable source control diffs.
.IP \(bu 4
Optimize the installation process by allowing npm to skip repeated metadata resolutions for previously-installed packages.
.IP \(bu 4
As of npm v7, lockfiles include enough information to gain a complete picture of the package tree, reducing the need to read \fBpackage.json\fR files, and allowing for significant performance improvements.
.RE 0

.P
When \fBnpm\fR creates or updates \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, it will infer line endings and indentation from \fBpackage.json\fR so that the formatting of both files matches.
.SS "\fBpackage-lock.json\fR vs \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR"
.P
Both of these files have the same format, and perform similar functions in the root of a project.
.P
The difference is that \fBpackage-lock.json\fR cannot be published, and it will be ignored if found in any place other than the root project.
.P
In contrast, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR allows publication, and defines the dependency tree from the point encountered. This is not recommended unless deploying a CLI tool or otherwise using the publication process for producing production packages.
.P
If both \fBpackage-lock.json\fR and \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR are present in the root of a project, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR will take precedence and \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be ignored.
.SS "Hidden Lockfiles"
.P
In order to avoid processing the \fBnode_modules\fR folder repeatedly, npm as of v7 uses a "hidden" lockfile present in \fBnode_modules/.package-lock.json\fR. This contains information about the tree, and is used in lieu of reading the entire \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy provided that the following conditions are met:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
All package folders it references exist in the \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy.
.IP \(bu 4
No package folders exist in the \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy that are not listed in the lockfile.
.IP \(bu 4
The modified time of the file is at least as recent as all of the package folders it references.
.RE 0

.P
That is, the hidden lockfile will only be relevant if it was created as part of the most recent update to the package tree. If another CLI mutates the tree in any way, this will be detected, and the hidden lockfile will be ignored.
.P
Note that it \fIis\fR possible to manually change the \fIcontents\fR of a package in such a way that the modified time of the package folder is unaffected. For example, if you add a file to \fBnode_modules/foo/lib/bar.js\fR, then the modified time on \fBnode_modules/foo\fR will not reflect this change. If you are manually editing files in \fBnode_modules\fR, it is generally best to delete the file at \fBnode_modules/.package-lock.json\fR.
.P
As the hidden lockfile is ignored by older npm versions, it does not contain the backwards compatibility affordances present in "normal" lockfiles. That is, it is \fBlockfileVersion: 3\fR, rather than \fBlockfileVersion: 2\fR.
.SS "Handling Old Lockfiles"
.P
When npm detects a lockfile from npm v6 or before during the package installation process, it is automatically updated to fetch missing information from either the \fBnode_modules\fR tree or (in the case of empty \fBnode_modules\fR trees or very old lockfile formats) the npm registry.
.SS "File Format"
.SS "\fBname\fR"
.P
The name of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match what's in \fBpackage.json\fR.
.SS "\fBversion\fR"
.P
The version of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match what's in \fBpackage.json\fR.
.SS "\fBlockfileVersion\fR"
.P
An integer version, starting at \fB1\fR with the version number of this document whose semantics were used when generating this \fBpackage-lock.json\fR.
.P
Note that the file format changed significantly in npm v7 to track information that would have otherwise required looking in \fBnode_modules\fR or the npm registry. Lockfiles generated by npm v7 will contain \fBlockfileVersion: 2\fR.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
No version provided: an "ancient" shrinkwrap file from a version of npm prior to npm v5.
.IP \(bu 4
\fB1\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v5 and v6.
.IP \(bu 4
\fB2\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v7 and v8. Backwards compatible to v1 lockfiles.
.IP \(bu 4
\fB3\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v9 and above. Backwards compatible to npm v7.
.RE 0

.P
npm will always attempt to get whatever data it can out of a lockfile, even if it is not a version that it was designed to support.
.SS "\fBpackages\fR"
.P
This is an object that maps package locations to an object containing the information about that package.
.P
The root project is typically listed with a key of \fB""\fR, and all other packages are listed with their relative paths from the root project folder.
.P
Package descriptors have the following fields:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
version: The version found in \fBpackage.json\fR
.IP \(bu 4
resolved: The place where the package was actually resolved from. In the case of packages fetched from the registry, this will be a url to a tarball. In the case of git dependencies, this will be the full git url with commit sha. In the case of link dependencies, this will be the location of the link target. \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR is a magic value meaning "the currently configured registry".
.IP \(bu 4
integrity: A \fBsha512\fR or \fBsha1\fR \fBStandard Subresource Integrity\fR \fI\(lahttps://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/\(ra\fR string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location.
.IP \(bu 4
link: A flag to indicate that this is a symbolic link. If this is present, no other fields are specified, since the link target will also be included in the lockfile.
.IP \(bu 4
dev, optional, devOptional: If the package is strictly part of the \fBdevDependencies\fR tree, then \fBdev\fR will be true. If it is strictly part of the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR tree, then \fBoptional\fR will be set. If it is both a \fBdev\fR dependency \fIand\fR an \fBoptional\fR dependency of a non-dev dependency, then \fBdevOptional\fR will be set. (An \fBoptional\fR dependency of a \fBdev\fR dependency will have both \fBdev\fR and \fBoptional\fR set.)
.IP \(bu 4
inBundle: A flag to indicate that the package is a bundled dependency.
.IP \(bu 4
hasInstallScript: A flag to indicate that the package has a \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, or \fBpostinstall\fR script.
.IP \(bu 4
hasShrinkwrap: A flag to indicate that the package has an \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file.
.IP \(bu 4
bin, license, engines, dependencies, optionalDependencies: fields from \fBpackage.json\fR
.RE 0

.SS "dependencies"
.P
Legacy data for supporting versions of npm that use \fBlockfileVersion: 1\fR. This is a mapping of package names to dependency objects. Because the object structure is strictly hierarchical, symbolic link dependencies are somewhat challenging to represent in some cases.
.P
npm v7 ignores this section entirely if a \fBpackages\fR section is present, but does keep it up to date in order to support switching between npm v6 and npm v7.
.P
Dependency objects have the following fields:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
version: a specifier that varies depending on the nature of the package, and is usable in fetching a new copy of it.
.RS 4
.IP \(bu 4
bundled dependencies: Regardless of source, this is a version number that is purely for informational purposes.
.IP \(bu 4
registry sources: This is a version number. (eg, \fB1.2.3\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
git sources: This is a git specifier with resolved committish. (eg, \fBgit+https://example.com/foo/bar#115311855adb0789a0466714ed48a1499ffea97e\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
http tarball sources: This is the URL of the tarball. (eg, \fBhttps://example.com/example-1.3.0.tgz\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
local tarball sources: This is the file URL of the tarball. (eg \fBfile:///opt/storage/example-1.3.0.tgz\fR)
.IP \(bu 4
local link sources: This is the file URL of the link. (eg \fBfile:libs/our-module\fR)
.RE 0

.IP \(bu 4
integrity: A \fBsha512\fR or \fBsha1\fR \fBStandard Subresource Integrity\fR \fI\(lahttps://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/\(ra\fR string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location. For git dependencies, this is the commit sha.
.IP \(bu 4
resolved: For registry sources this is path of the tarball relative to the registry URL. If the tarball URL isn't on the same server as the registry URL then this is a complete URL. \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR is a magic value meaning "the currently configured registry".
.IP \(bu 4
bundled: If true, this is the bundled dependency and will be installed by the parent module. When installing, this module will be extracted from the parent module during the extract phase, not installed as a separate dependency.
.IP \(bu 4
dev: If true then this dependency is either a development dependency ONLY of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is false for dependencies that are both a development dependency of the top level and a transitive dependency of a non-development dependency of the top level.
.IP \(bu 4
optional: If true then this dependency is either an optional dependency ONLY of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is false for dependencies that are both an optional dependency of the top level and a transitive dependency of a non-optional dependency of the top level.
.IP \(bu 4
requires: This is a mapping of module name to version. This is a list of everything this module requires, regardless of where it will be installed. The version should match via normal matching rules a dependency either in our \fBdependencies\fR or in a level higher than us.
.IP \(bu 4
dependencies: The dependencies of this dependency, exactly as at the top level.
.RE 0

.SS "See also"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
npm help shrinkwrap
.IP \(bu 4
\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help install
.RE 0
PK4^�\�Y�""npm-global.5nu�[���.TH "FOLDERS" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBfolders\fR - Folder Structures Used by npm
.SS "Description"
.P
npm puts various things on your computer. That's its job.
.P
This document will tell you what it puts where.
.SS "tl;dr"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
Local install (default): puts stuff in \fB./node_modules\fR of the current package root.
.IP \(bu 4
Global install (with \fB-g\fR): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node is installed.
.IP \(bu 4
Install it \fBlocally\fR if you're going to \fBrequire()\fR it.
.IP \(bu 4
Install it \fBglobally\fR if you're going to run it on the command line.
.IP \(bu 4
If you need both, then install it in both places, or use \fBnpm link\fR.
.RE 0

.SS "prefix Configuration"
.P
The \fB\fBprefix\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#prefix\(ra\fR defaults to the location where node is installed. On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fR. On Windows, it's \fB%AppData%\[rs]npm\fR. On Unix systems, it's one level up, since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fR rather than \fB{prefix}/node.exe\fR.
.P
When the \fBglobal\fR flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix. When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the current working directory if not in a package already.
.SS "Node Modules"
.P
Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder under the \fBprefix\fR. When installing locally, this means that you can \fBrequire("packagename")\fR to load its main module, or \fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fR to load other modules.
.P
Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR. Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fR (that is, no \fBlib\fR folder.)
.P
Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together in a sub-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fR folder with the name of that scope prefix by the @ symbol, e.g. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fR would place the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fR. See npm help scope for more details.
.P
If you wish to \fBrequire()\fR a package, then install it locally.
.SS "Executables"
.P
When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fR on Unix, or directly into \fB{prefix}\fR on Windows. Ensure that path is in your terminal's \fBPATH\fR environment to run them.
.P
When in local mode, executables are linked into \fB./node_modules/.bin\fR so that they can be made available to scripts run through npm. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path when you run \fBnpm test\fR.)
.SS "Man Pages"
.P
When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR.
.P
When in local mode, man pages are not installed.
.P
Man pages are not installed on Windows systems.
.SS "Cache"
.P
See npm help cache. Cache files are stored in \fB~/.npm\fR on Posix, or \fB%LocalAppData%/npm-cache\fR on Windows.
.P
This is controlled by the \fB\fBcache\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#cache\(ra\fR param.
.SS "Temp Files"
.P
Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the \fB\fBtmp\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tmp\(ra\fR, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment variables, or \fB/tmp\fR on Unix and \fBc:\[rs]windows\[rs]temp\fR on Windows.
.P
Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the program, and are deleted upon successful exit.
.SS "More Information"
.P
When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate \fBprefix\fR folder. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR will install to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fRed into some other folder.
.P
Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a folder that contains either a \fBpackage.json\fR file, or a \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective "current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands. (This behavior is inspired by and similar to git's .git-folder seeking logic when running git commands in a working dir.)
.P
If no package root is found, then the current folder is used.
.P
When you run \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR, then the package is loaded into the cache, and then unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo\fR. Then, any of foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo/node_modules/...\fR.
.P
Any bin files are symlinked to \fB./node_modules/.bin/\fR, so that they may be found by npm scripts when necessary.
.SS "Global Installation"
.P
If the \fB\fBglobal\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#global\(ra\fR is set to true, then npm will install packages "globally".
.P
For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way, but using the folders described above.
.SS "Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony"
.P
Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fR folders. So, at every stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fR folder, then it is not installed at the current location.
.P
Consider the case above, where \fBfoo -> bar -> baz\fR. Imagine if, in addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have: \fBfoo -> bar -> baz -> bar -> baz ...\fR. However, since the folder structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fR, there's no need to put another copy of bar into \fB.../baz/node_modules\fR, since when baz calls \fBrequire("bar")\fR, it will get the copy that is installed in \fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fR.
.P
This shortcut is only used if the exact same version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fR folders. It is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fR if the two "a" packages are different versions. However, without repeating the exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be prevented.
.P
Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder (hoisting). Since version 3, npm hoists dependencies by default.
.SS "Example"
.P
Consider this dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+-- blerg@1.2.5
+-- bar@1.2.3
|   +-- blerg@1.x (latest=1.3.7)
|   +-- baz@2.x
|   |   `-- quux@3.x
|   |       `-- bar@1.2.3 (cycle)
|   `-- asdf@*
`-- baz@1.2.3
    `-- quux@3.x
        `-- bar
.fi
.RE
.P
In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this (with all dependencies hoisted to the highest level possible):
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+-- node_modules
    +-- blerg (1.2.5) <---\[lB]A\[rB]
    +-- bar (1.2.3) <---\[lB]B\[rB]
    |   +-- node_modules
    |       +-- baz (2.0.2) <---\[lB]C\[rB]
    +-- asdf (2.3.4)
    +-- baz (1.2.3) <---\[lB]D\[rB]
    +-- quux (3.2.0) <---\[lB]E\[rB]
.fi
.RE
.P
Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1.2.3\fR and \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR, those are installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fR folder.
.P
Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1.3.7, foo has a specific dependency on version 1.2.5. So, that gets installed at \[lB]A\[rB]. Since the parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1.x\fR, it does not install another copy under \[lB]B\[rB].
.P
Bar \[lB]B\[rB] also has dependencies on baz and asdf. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2.x\fR, it cannot re-use the \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fR folder \[lB]D\[rB], and must install its own copy \[lB]C\[rB]. In order to minimize duplication, npm hoists dependencies to the top level by default, so asdf is installed under \[lB]A\[rB].
.P
Underneath bar, the \fBbaz -> quux -> bar\fR dependency creates a cycle. However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry \[lB]B\[rB], it does not unpack another copy of bar into that folder. Likewise, quux's \[lB]E\[rB] folder tree is empty, because its dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at \[lB]B\[rB].
.P
For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fR.
.SS "Publishing"
.P
Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If any of the items there are not in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array, then they will not be included in the package tarball.
.P
This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies (and dev dependencies) locally, but only re-publish those items that cannot be found elsewhere. See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more information.
.SS "See also"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help install
.IP \(bu 4
npm help pack
.IP \(bu 4
npm help cache
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help npmrc
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help publish
.RE 0
PK4^�\&Oף##	install.5nu�[���.TH "INSTALL" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBinstall\fR - Download and install node and npm
.SS "Description"
.P
To publish and install packages to and from the public npm registry, you must install Node.js and the npm command line interface using either a Node version manager or a Node installer. \fBWe strongly recommend using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm.\fR We do not recommend using a Node installer, since the Node installation process installs npm in a directory with local permissions and can cause permissions errors when you run npm packages globally.
.SS "Overview"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBChecking your version of npm and Node.js\fR \fI(Checking your version of npm and Node.js)\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBUsing a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm\fR \fI(Using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm)\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBUsing a Node installer to install Node.js and npm\fR \fI(Using a Node installer to install Node.js and npm)\fR
.RE 0

.SS "Checking your version of npm and Node.js"
.P
To see if you already have Node.js and npm installed and check the installed version, run the following commands:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
node -v
npm -v
.fi
.RE
.SS "Using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm"
.P
Node version managers allow you to install and switch between multiple versions of Node.js and npm on your system so you can test your applications on multiple versions of npm to ensure they work for users on different versions. You can \fBsearch for them on GitHub\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/search?q=node+version+manager+archived%3Afalse&type=repositories&ref=advsearch\(ra\fR.
.SS "Using a Node installer to install Node.js and npm"
.P
If you are unable to use a Node version manager, you can use a Node installer to install both Node.js and npm on your system.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBNode.js installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
\fBNodeSource installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodesource/distributions\(ra\fR. If you use Linux, we recommend that you use a NodeSource installer.
.RE 0

.SS "OS X or Windows Node installers"
.P
If you're using OS X or Windows, use one of the installers from the \fBNode.js download page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR. Be sure to install the version labeled \fBLTS\fR. Other versions have not yet been tested with npm.
.SS "Linux or other operating systems Node installers"
.P
If you're using Linux or another operating system, use one of the following installers:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBNodeSource installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodesource/distributions\(ra\fR (recommended)
.IP \(bu 4
One of the installers on the \fBNode.js download page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR
.RE 0

.P
Or see \fBthis page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/\(ra\fR to install npm for Linux in the way many Linux developers prefer.
.SS "Less-common operating systems"
.P
For more information on installing Node.js on a variety of operating systems, see \fBthis page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/\(ra\fR.
PK4^�\��Lʥ���package-json.5nu�[���.TH "PACKAGE.JSON" "5" "May 2024" "NPM@10.8.1" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBpackage.json\fR - Specifics of npm's package.json handling
.SS "Description"
.P
This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package.json file. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal.
.P
A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config settings described in npm help config.
.SS "name"
.P
If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional.
.P
The name is what your thing is called.
.P
Some rules:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters. This includes the scope for scoped packages.
.IP \(bu 4
The names of scoped packages can begin with a dot or an underscore. This is not permitted without a scope.
.IP \(bu 4
New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name.
.IP \(bu 4
The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a folder name. Therefore, the name can't contain any non-URL-safe characters.
.RE 0

"funding": {
    "type" : "patreon",
    "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account"
  },

"funding": "http://example.com/donate",

"repository": "github:user/repo",

"repository": "gist:11081aaa281",

"repository": "bitbucket:user/repo",

// .. then later in your program ..

.SS "prefix Configuration"
.P
The \fB\fBprefix\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#prefix\(ra\fR defaults to the location where node is installed. On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fR. On Windows, it's \fB%AppData%\[rs]npm\fR. On Unix systems, it's one level up, since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fR rather than \fB{prefix}/node.exe\fR.
.P
When the \fBglobal\fR flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix. When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the current working directory if not in a package already.
.SS "Node Modules"
.P
Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder under the \fBprefix\fR. When installing locally, this means that you can \fBrequire("packagename")\fR to load its main module, or \fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fR to load other modules.
.P
Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR. Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fR (that is, no \fBlib\fR folder.)
.P
Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together in a sub-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fR folder with the name of that scope prefix by the @ symbol, e.g. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fR would place the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fR. See npm help scope for more details.
.P
If you wish to \fBrequire()\fR a package, then install it locally.
.SS "Executables"
.P
When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fR on Unix, or directly into \fB{prefix}\fR on Windows. Ensure that path is in your terminal's \fBPATH\fR environment to run them.
.P
When in local mode, executables are linked into \fB./node_modules/.bin\fR so that they can be made available to scripts run through npm. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path when you run \fBnpm test\fR.)
.SS "Man Pages"
.P
When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR.
.P
When in local mode, man pages are not installed.
.P
Man pages are not installed on Windows systems.
.SS "Cache"
.P
See npm help cache. Cache files are stored in \fB~/.npm\fR on Posix, or \fB%LocalAppData%/npm-cache\fR on Windows.
.P
This is controlled by the \fB\fBcache\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#cache\(ra\fR param.
.SS "Temp Files"
.P
Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the \fB\fBtmp\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tmp\(ra\fR, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment variables, or \fB/tmp\fR on Unix and \fBc:\[rs]windows\[rs]temp\fR on Windows.
.P
Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the program, and are deleted upon successful exit.
.SS "More Information"
.P
When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate \fBprefix\fR folder. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR will install to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fRed into some other folder.
.P
Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a folder that contains either a \fBpackage.json\fR file, or a \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective "current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands. (This behavior is inspired by and similar to git's .git-folder seeking logic when running git commands in a working dir.)
.P
If no package root is found, then the current folder is used.
.P
When you run \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR, then the package is loaded into the cache, and then unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo\fR. Then, any of foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo/node_modules/...\fR.
.P
Any bin files are symlinked to \fB./node_modules/.bin/\fR, so that they may be found by npm scripts when necessary.
.SS "Global Installation"
.P
If the \fB\fBglobal\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#global\(ra\fR is set to true, then npm will install packages "globally".
.P
For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way, but using the folders described above.
.SS "Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony"
.P
Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fR folders. So, at every stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fR folder, then it is not installed at the current location.
.P
Consider the case above, where \fBfoo -> bar -> baz\fR. Imagine if, in addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have: \fBfoo -> bar -> baz -> bar -> baz ...\fR. However, since the folder structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fR, there's no need to put another copy of bar into \fB.../baz/node_modules\fR, since when baz calls \fBrequire("bar")\fR, it will get the copy that is installed in \fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fR.
.P
This shortcut is only used if the exact same version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fR folders. It is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fR if the two "a" packages are different versions. However, without repeating the exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be prevented.
.P
Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder (hoisting). Since version 3, npm hoists dependencies by default.
.SS "Example"
.P
Consider this dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+-- blerg@1.2.5
+-- bar@1.2.3
|   +-- blerg@1.x (latest=1.3.7)
|   +-- baz@2.x
|   |   `-- quux@3.x
|   |       `-- bar@1.2.3 (cycle)
|   `-- asdf@*
`-- baz@1.2.3
    `-- quux@3.x
        `-- bar
.fi
.RE
.P
In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this (with all dependencies hoisted to the highest level possible):
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+-- node_modules
    +-- blerg (1.2.5) <---\[lB]A\[rB]
    +-- bar (1.2.3) <---\[lB]B\[rB]
    |   +-- node_modules
    |       +-- baz (2.0.2) <---\[lB]C\[rB]
    +-- asdf (2.3.4)
    +-- baz (1.2.3) <---\[lB]D\[rB]
    +-- quux (3.2.0) <---\[lB]E\[rB]
.fi
.RE
.P
Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1.2.3\fR and \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR, those are installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fR folder.
.P
Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1.3.7, foo has a specific dependency on version 1.2.5. So, that gets installed at \[lB]A\[rB]. Since the parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1.x\fR, it does not install another copy under \[lB]B\[rB].
.P
Bar \[lB]B\[rB] also has dependencies on baz and asdf. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2.x\fR, it cannot re-use the \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fR folder \[lB]D\[rB], and must install its own copy \[lB]C\[rB]. In order to minimize duplication, npm hoists dependencies to the top level by default, so asdf is installed under \[lB]A\[rB].
.P
Underneath bar, the \fBbaz -> quux -> bar\fR dependency creates a cycle. However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry \[lB]B\[rB], it does not unpack another copy of bar into that folder. Likewise, quux's \[lB]E\[rB] folder tree is empty, because its dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at \[lB]B\[rB].
.P
For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fR.
.SS "Publishing"
.P
Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If any of the items there are not in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array, then they will not be included in the package tarball.
.P
This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies (and dev dependencies) locally, but only re-publish those items that cannot be found elsewhere. See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more information.
.SS "See also"
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 4
\fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR
.IP \(bu 4
npm help install
.IP \(bu 4
npm help pack
.IP \(bu 4
npm help cache
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help npmrc
.IP \(bu 4
npm help config
.IP \(bu 4
npm help publish
.RE 0
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Ynpm-json.5nu�[���PK4^�\��.G�*�*8�package-lock-json.5nu�[���PK4^�\�Y�""�npm-global.5nu�[���PK4^�\&Oף##	D�install.5nu�[���PK4^�\��Lʥ�����package-json.5nu�[���PK4^�\�Y�""	��folders.5nu�[���PKe��

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